A simple example of using closures in Go.

package main

import "fmt"

// The function createCounter returns anonymous function defined within its body.
// The returned function encapsulates the variable count, creating a closure.
func createCounter() func() int {
	count := 0

	return func() int {
		count++

		return count
	}
}

func main() {
    // We invoke createCounter, storing the result (a function) in counter variable.
    // This function captures and retains its own count value,
    // which updates with each subsequent invocation of createCounter.
	counter := createCounter()

	fmt.Println(counter())
	fmt.Println(counter())
	fmt.Println(counter())

	newCounter := createCounter()
	
    fmt.Println(newCounter())
}

// $ go run main.go 
// 1
// 2
// 3
// 1

main.go

Example of closures in Golang

In this code, the quick_sort function is a recursive implementation of the Quick Sort algorithm. The pivot element is chosen as the first element of the array, and elements are partitioned into two sub-arrays (left and right) based on their relationship to the pivot. The function is then called recursively on the left and right sub-arrays until the entire array is sorted.

def quick_sort(arr):
    if len(arr) <= 1:
        return arr
    else:
        pivot = arr[0]
        left = [x for x in arr[1:] if x <= pivot]
        right = [x for x in arr[1:] if x > pivot]
        return quick_sort(left) + [pivot] + quick_sort(right)

# Example usage:
input_array = [3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 5, 3, 5]
sorted_array = quick_sort(input_array)

print("Original Array:", input_array)
print("Sorted Array:", sorted_array)


main.py

Python

Implementation of the Quick Sort algorithm in Python

Here's a simple implementation of the Quick Sort algorithm in PHP

<?php

function quickSort(array $array): array
{
    $length = count($array);

    if ($length <= 1) {
        return $array;
    }

    $pivot = $array[0];
    $left = $right = [];

    for ($i = 1; $i < $length; $i++) {
        if ($array[$i] < $pivot) {
            $left[] = $array[$i];
        } else {
            $right[] = $array[$i];
        }
    }

    return array_merge(quickSort($left), [$pivot], quickSort($right));
}

// Example usage:
$array = [3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 5, 3, 5];
$sortedArray = quickSort($array);

echo "Original Array: " . implode(", ", $array) . "\n";
echo "Sorted Array: " . implode(", ", $sortedArray) . "\n";



main.php

Simple implementation of the Quick Sort algorithm in PHP

To check if a certain file exists inside a given directory in Golang, the Stat() and isNotExists() functions from the os package can be used. The Stat() function is used to return a file information structure that describes the file.

package main

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"os"
)

func main() {
	filePath := "file.txt"

	if _, err := os.Stat(filePath); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
		fmt.Println("file not exists")
	} else {
		fmt.Println("file exists")
	}
}

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Example of closures in Golang

Implementation of the Quick Sort algorithm in Python

Simple implementation of the Quick Sort algorithm in PHP

Check if a file exists or not in Go

Implementation of the Quick Sort algorithm in Python

Simple implementation of the Quick Sort algorithm in PHP

Check if a file exists or not in Go