import json
import os
import uuid

filename = str(uuid.uuid4()) # create random file name

# JSON data to be written
jsonDict ={
    "firstname" : "John",
    "lastname" : "Doe",
    "age" : 30,
    "phonenumber" : "9976770500"
}

# write JSON to file
with open(filename, "w") as f:
    json.dump(jsonDict, f)

# read JSON string from file
f = open(filename, "r")
print(f.read())
f.close()
os.remove(filename)

# Output:
# {"firstname": "John", "lastname": "Doe", "age": 30, "phonenumber": "9976770500"}

import json
import uuid
 
jsonString = '{"firstname": "John", "lastname": "Doe"}'

# Create random file name and write json to file
filename = str(uuid.uuid4())

with open(filename, "w") as f:
    f.write(jsonString)

# Parse JSON string
# Deserializes json string into dict
print("Parse JSON string")
jsonDict = json.loads(jsonString)

# Iterating through the json
for key, value in jsonDict.items():
    print(key, value)

print()
#----------------------------------------------------#

print("Read JSON file")
f = open (filename, "r")
 
# Reading from file
jsonDict = json.loads(f.read())
 
# Iterating through the json
for key, value in jsonDict.items():
    print(key, value)
 
# Closing file
f.close()

# Output
# Parse JSON string
# firstname John
# lastname Doe
#
# Read JSON file
# firstname John
# lastname Doe

import os
import uuid

filename = str(uuid.uuid4()) # create random file name
wLines = ["First line\n", "Second line\n", "Third line\n"]

# writing lines to file
f = open(filename, 'w')
f.writelines(wLines)
f.close()

#--------------------------------------------------------#

print("-----Read lines using 'readlines' method-----")
f = open(filename, 'r')
rLines = f.readlines()

for lineNumber, line in enumerate(rLines, 1):
	print("Line {}: {}".format(lineNumber, line.strip()))

#--------------------------------------------------------#

print("-----Read lines using 'readline' method-----")
f = open(filename, 'r')
lineNumber = 1
 
while True:
    lineNumber += 1
 
    # Get next line from file
    line = f.readline()
 
    # if line is empty
    # end of file is reached
    if not line:
        break
    print("Line {}: {}".format(lineNumber, line.strip()))
 
f.close()

#--------------------------------------------------------#

print("-----Read lines via file object iteration-----")
f = open(filename, 'r')

for lineNumber, line in enumerate(f, 1):
    print("Line {}: {}".format(lineNumber, line.strip()))

#--------------------------------------------------------#

print("-----Read lines via file contex manager-----")
with open(filename, "r") as f:
    for lineNumber, line in enumerate(f, 1):
        print("Line {}: {}".format(lineNumber, line.strip()))

os.remove(filename) # remove file

# Output example:

# Read lines using 'readlines' method
# Line 1: First line
# Line 2: Second line
# Line 3: Third line

# File management using context manager
class FileManager():
    def __init__(self, filename, mode):
        self.filename = filename
        self.mode = mode
        self.file = None
  
    # The __enter__ method opens the file and returns a file object
    def __enter__(self):
        print('Open file: {}'.format(self.filename))
        self.file = open(self.filename, self.mode)
        return self.file

    # The __exit__ method takes care of closing the file on exiting the with block 
    def __exit__(self, etype, value, traceback):
        print('Close file: {}'.format(self.filename))
        self.file.close()

# A FileManager object is created with test.txt as the filename and "write" mode
# when __init__ method is executed
with FileManager('test.txt', 'w') as f:
    f.write('First line\n')
    f.write('Second line\n')

# The file is already closed thanks to the automatic call to the __exit__ method
print('File closed: {}\n'.format(f.closed))

with FileManager('test.txt', 'r') as f:
    for line in f:
        print(line.rstrip())

# Output
#Open file: test.txt
#Close file: test.txt
#File closed: True
#
#Open file: test.txt
#First line
#Second line
#Close file: test.txt

# Returns index of target in arr if present, else -1
def binary_search(arr, target):
	low = 0
	high = len(arr) - 1

	while low <= high:
		# Check base case
		mid = (high + low) // 2

		# If element is smaller than mid, then it can only
		# be present in left subarray
		if arr[mid] > target:
			high = mid - 1
		# Else the element can only be present in right subarray
		elif arr[mid] < target:
			low = mid + 1
		# If element is present at the middle itself
		else:
			return mid

	# Element is not present in the array
	return -1

# Test array
arr = [ 2, 3, 4, 10, 40 ]
target = 10

result = binary_search(arr, target)

if result != -1:
	print("Element is present at index", str(result))
else:
	print("Element is not present in array")

def quick_sort(arr):
    if len(arr) <= 1:
        return arr
    else:
        pivot = arr[0]
        left = [x for x in arr[1:] if x <= pivot]
        right = [x for x in arr[1:] if x > pivot]
        return quick_sort(left) + [pivot] + quick_sort(right)

# Example usage:
input_array = [3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 5, 3, 5]
sorted_array = quick_sort(input_array)

print("Original Array:", input_array)
print("Sorted Array:", sorted_array)

import csv

# Writing to a CSV file
with open('data.csv', 'w', newline='') as csvfile:
    fieldnames = ['name', 'age', 'city']
    writer = csv.DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames=fieldnames)

    writer.writeheader()
    writer.writerow({'name': 'John', 'age': 30, 'city': 'New York'})
    writer.writerow({'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25, 'city': 'London'})

# Reading from a CSV file
with open('data.csv', newline='') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.DictReader(csvfile)
    for row in reader:
        print(row)